The cultivation elements of modern intelligent greenhouse and how to choose greenhouse

Along with the vigorous development of Chinese economy, the vegetable varieties are optimized continuously in recent years, and the production facilities are updated continuously, which has a higher requirement for vegetable cultivation technology. Especially after the construction of modern agricultural facilities, the production technology can not be updated in time, and the level of vegetable cultivation is uneven all over the country.

Greenhouses have become indispensable modern agricultural facilities for vegetable production. Based on the basic functions of temperature raising, heat preservation, wind and storm prevention, a series of functions such as supporting water-saving irrigation, integrated application of water and fertilizer, and monitoring of diseases and insect pests have been gradually improved. However, some places cannot give full play to their functions after the introduction of facilities, resulting in a huge waste of funds. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the factors of vegetable production and summarize the key points of vegetable cultivation technology under the background of modern agriculture in order to meet the needs of production.

First, the five elements of greenhouse planting

Temperature, light, water, steam and fertilizer are the five essential elements for vegetable growth, and each crop has different needs for the five elements. In theory, the aim of facility agriculture is to adjust the five elements to the point where vegetables are most suitable for growth, but this is uneconomical, and the greater the scope of regulation, the higher the cost of production. At present, the large-scale production of vegetables is still based on the natural environment and resources of the production place, and can only promote the advantages and avoid the disadvantages.

Standard terraced greenhouse

1. Temperature: The greenhouse mainly uses sunlight to raise the temperature in the room (shed). Inevitably, the light intensity in the room (shed) is lower than that outside. Rainy season, because there is no sunlight, room (shed) temperature will not rise.

Melon grown in a greenhouse

2, water: due to the high temperature, the moisture in the soil in the room (shed) rapidly evaporates, resulting in low soil humidity and high air humidity.

Ventilation at the top of the greenhouse is mainly to remove moisture

3. Air: In a day, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse is larger before sunrise; As the sun rises, carbon dioxide levels fall and oxygen levels increase; After a few hours (depending on the weather, plant species, density and plant size) the equilibrium state is reached; Photosynthesis begins to decline just before sunset, when oxygen levels begin to slowly decline until they reach their lowest levels before dawn.

4. Soil in greenhouses is prone to salinization, and there are four main reasons for this.

① Apply chemical fertilizers in large quantities. Because the useful part of chemical fertilizer is generally absorbed and used by vegetables, the part that cannot be absorbed and used remains as "side effects" and accumulates in the soil. ② Nitrification in soil produces nitrate, which can also accumulate. (3) Because the greenhouse is not affected by rainfall, the amount of each watering is small, and the fertilizer in the soil is rarely leached to the underlying soil, resulting in the accumulation of salt. (4) The temperature in the greenhouse is relatively high, and the evaporation of soil water is large, so the salt in the fertilizer (after the decomposition of farm fertilizer, some of the inorganic salt) rises to the surface through the capillary water accumulation. For example, some greenhouses in slightly dry conditions, the soil surface has white salt precipitation.

In view of the frequent occurrence of the above reasons, soilless cultivation mode is gradually promoted and organic matter is used as the carrier of plant growth, which will neither cause soil stubble nor cause fertilizer pollution of underground soil.

5. Light: due to the blocking effect of shed film and trellis, the light inside the shed is weaker than the outside. For some strong light crops, it may be fruitless and fruitless, and for some weak light crops, it may be necessary to cover the sunshade net.